history of c language

•                               history of c language

• language is a structure oriented programming language, was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie
• C language features were derived from earlier language called “B” (Basic Combined Programming Language – BCPL)
• C language was invented for implementing UNIX operating system
• In 1978, Dennis Ritchie and Brian Kernighan published the first edition  “The C Programming Language” and commonly known as K&R C
• In 1983, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) established a committee to provide a modern, comprehensive definition of C. The resulting definition, the ANSI standard, or “ANSI C”, was completed late 1988.

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C standards

• C89/C90 standard – First standardized specification for C language was developed by American National Standards Institute in 1989. C89 and C90 standards refer to the same programming language.
• C99 standard – Next revision was published in 1999 that introduced new futures like advanced data types and other changes.

c11 and Embedded C

• C11 standard adds new features to C and library like type generic macros, anonymous structures, improved Unicode support, atomic operations, multi-threading, and bounds-checked functions. It also makes some portions of the existing C99 library optional, and improves compatibility with C++.

Embedded C includes features not available in normal C like fixed-point arithmetic, named address spaces, and basic I/O hardware addressing Operating systems, C compiler and all UNIX application programs are written in C language It is also called as procedure oriented programming language C language is reliable, simple and easy to use. C has been coded in assembly language Features of C language: Reliability Portability Flexibility Interactivity Modularity Efficiency and Effectiveness Uses of C language:   C language is used for developing system applications that forms major portion of operating systems such as Windows, UNIX and Linux. Below are some examples of C being used. Database systems Graphics packages Word processors Spread sheets Operating system development Compilers and Assemblers Network drivers Interpreters